Co-axial cable: Coaxial cable is an electrical cable
consisting of a round conducting wire, surrounded by an insulating
spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical
conducting sheath, usually surrounded by a final insulating layer.
Coaxial
cables may be rigid or flexible. Rigid types have a solid sheath, while
flexible types have a braided
sheath, both usually of thin copper
wire Thin coaxial: 10base2 is an example of thin coaxial cable
Thick: Example: 10base5
Twisted Pair: Twisted pair cabling is a common form of
wiring in which two conductors are wound around each other for the purposes of
canceling out electromagnetic interference which can cause crosstalk. The greater the
number of twists, the more crosstalk is reduced. It can transmit data several
kilometers without amplifier. It has high error rate beyond 100m
They are classified into two categories:
1.
UTP ( unshielded twisted pair)
2.
STP (shielded twisted pair)
UTP: UTP cables are not shielded. This lack of shielding
results in a high degree of flexibility as well as rugged durability. UTP
cables are found in many Ethernet
networks and telephone systems.
STP:Twisted pair cables are often shielded to prevent electromagnetic interference.
Because the shielding is made of metal, it also serves as a ground STP cabling
includes metal shielding over each individual pair of copper wires. This type
of shielding prevents cable from external EMI (electromagnetic interferences).
Optical Fiber: It is based on
the principle of total internal
reflelction of light.It is at the one end of optical fiber to accept electrical
signal and convert it into light pulses. The presence of pulse indicates a 1
bit and absence of pulse indicates 0
bits.It contains the following components:
·
Core: It is the
innermost part of fibre made up of
glass.
·
Cladding: Glass
cladding covers core. Its refractive index is less than core.
·
Jacket:It is an
outermost PVC( polyvinoyl chloride) covering of cladding
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